Archiv älterer Ereignisse/2012
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Ein englischsprachiges Antwiki (07. September 2012)
Neben dem deutschsprachigen Ameisenwiki gibt es inzwischen ein englischsprachiges Antwiki: http://www.antwiki.org/Welcome_to_AntWiki
Es wird vor allem von Steve Shattuck/ Canberra, Australien und Gary Alpert, USA betrieben.
Es lohnt sich, einige Blicke dort hinein zu werfen. Insbesondere gibt es viele sehr gute Ameisenbilder! Interessant sind sicher auch die verlinkten PDFs, z. B. die Revision der Camponotus auropileus-Gruppe mit der hübschen Camponotus thadeus: http://www.antwiki.org/Ant_Wiki/images/9/95/Shattuck_2005.pdf A. Buschinger 17:45, 7. Sep. 2012 (CEST)
Digitale Beschreibung von Arten nach ICZN jetzt möglich (06. September 2012)
In einem „amendment“ lässt die Internationale Kommission für die Zoologische Nomenklatur nunmehr die Erstbeschreibung von Arten auch in rein elektronischen Zeitschriften zu. Dabei sind allerdings bestimmte Vorschriften einzuhalten. – Hier werden erst mal einige Notizen dazu gepostet. Bedeutung hat das Ganze ja nur für Wissenschaftler, die neue Arten finden und in elektronischen Journalen beschreiben wollen. Das bisherige Procedere ist weiterhin gültig.
Quelle: [[1]]
ICZN Amendment on electronic publication, published on the websites of ICZN, ZooKeys, Zootaxa,…
Following four years of highly charged debate, the rules for publication of scientific names of animals have been changed to allow electronic publications to meet the requirements of the stringent International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In a landmark decision, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) has passed an amendment to its rules that means a publication in an electronic-only scientific journal will be ‘legitimate’ if it meets criteria of archiving and the publication is registered on the ICZN’s official online registry, ZooBank.
Ein Kommentar von einem amerik. Myrmekologen: Here's what it means. You know all those scientific names we throw around on these forums? Like Camponotus hyatti, and Odontomachus troglodytes, and so on? Those names were created by taxonomists who had to follow a formal process for those names to become officially recognized. Until today, that process required that names first be presented in a printed publication that was distributed among a certain number of libraries. If the criteria weren't met, the name wasn't considered to exist. A taxonomist couldn't legally propose a new genus only on Facebook, for example.
The rules have changed. New names and name changes can take place on the internet now, provided that certain other new criteria are met. (You still can't publish a new name on Facebook...)
Eine Frage zu Brian Taylor: „Ants of Africa“, einer sehr gerne besuchten Webseite zur Bestimmung afrikanischer Ameisen, anscheinend mit vielen neuen Arten: I wonder what this means for Brian Taylor and the various "new species" he published on Ants of Africa. Ants of Africa is defunct (although an archived 2005 version is out there.) How will the rules address the ephemereal nature of web pages? Die Antwort von James C. Trager, Myrmekologe: Sad to say: none of Taylor's species are valid. They are not published in an accepted, archived, professional e-journal, nor in ZooBank. Species description on other sorts of websites are not acceptable.
I appreciate Brian's efforts, but his maverick-ness has been his undoing in getting his work accepted.
Alex Wild blog: Taxonomists recognize the inevitable. Sep 4th, 2012, by myrmecos.
Big announcement this morning from the International Council on Zoological Nomenclature, the group that regulates taxonomic naming of animals. The council is now allowing electronic-only publication. Paper is dead! Zookeys has more:
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has voted in favour of a revised version of the amendment to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature that was proposed in 2008. The purpose of the amendment is to expand and refine the methods of publication allowed by the Code, particularly in relation to electronic publication. The amendment establishes an Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (with ZooBank as its online version), allows electronic publication after 2011 under certain conditions, and disallows publication on optical discs after 2012. The requirements for electronic publications are that the work be registered in ZooBank before it is published, that the work itself state the date of publication and contain evidence that registration has occurred, and that the ZooBank registration state both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work. Registration of new scientific names and nomenclatural acts is not required. The Commission has confirmed that ZooBank is ready to handle the requirements of the amendment. A. Buschinger 17:47, 6. Sep. 2012 (CEST)
Review der Literatur über ökologische Bedeutung und Funktionen von Ameisen (14. Juli 2012)
[[2]]
Israel DEL TORO, Relena R. RIBBONS & Shannon L. PELINI 2012: The little things that run the world revisited: a review of ant-mediated ecosystem services and disservices (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 17, 133-146. Keywords:Ants, ecosystem function, provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services, supporting services, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, biodiversity conservation, climate change, meta-analysis Abstract:Ants are important for the maintenance and functioning of many ecosystems and provide a variety of ecosystem services and disservices.This review summarizes information on ecosystem services provided by ants in a framework modeled after the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. In this framework, ecosystem services are divided into provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services, and we show that ants provide services in each of these categories. We also present a review of some of the major disservices mediated by ants (i.e., the roles of ants that have negative consequences on human and environmental health, and societal well-being). Our review does not exhaustively review any single ecosystem service or disservice, but rather pieces together the many ways in which ants are influential in our changing planet and society. We conclude by describing future areas of research that will help better understand the impact of ants on ecosystems and society. A. Buschinger 17:51, 14. Jul. 2012 (CEST)
Nachweis einer Hybridisierung von Myrmica-Arten mit morphometrischen Methoden (14. Juli. 2012)
[[3]]
Bagherian Yazdi, A., Münch, W. & Seifert, B., 2012: A first demonstration of interspecific hybridization in Myrmica ants by geometric morphometrics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
Myrmecol. News 17: 121-131, Online Earlier 10 July 2012; non-printable
Viele Myrmica-Arten lassen sich morphologisch nicht leicht unterscheiden. Noch schwieriger wird es, wenn man Hybride, Kreuzungsprodukte zweier Arten, vor sich hat. In der hier verlinkten, frei zugänglichen Arbeit wird eine sehr aufwendige Technik gezeigt, mit der Hybride der mutmaßlich temporär sozialparasitischen Myrmica vandeli und ihrer Wirtsart Myrmica scabrinodis identifiziert wurden. – Zur Ansicht empfohlen, um eine Vorstellung davon zu entwickeln, wie schwierig es sein kann, Ameisen-Individuen wirklich sicher zu bestimmen! Das Verfahren dürfte Laien, aber auch viele professionelle Myrmekologen überfordern.
A. Buschinger 16:10, 14. Jul. 2012 (CEST)
Ein Beitrag zum Exotenhandel von “World of Ants” auf der Seite von „Myrmecos“ (Alex Wild) (16. Juni 2012)
http://myrmecos.net/2012/06/16/9844/ : “World of Ants” Store Sells Extreme Pest Insects (part 2): Kommentare: http://myrmecos.net/2012/06/16/9844/#comment-27295
Einer der Kommentare: „All of the pet trade is simply out of control and a major contributor to the invasives problems we have in water and on land. Why would we expect ant pet traders to be any more responsible?”
A. Buschinger 09:54, 17. Jun. 2012 (CEST)
Fertilität von Ameisenköniginnen wächst mit ihrem Alter (16. April 2012)
Das wurde experimentell bei Cardiocondyla obscurior (Myrmicinae) ermittelt. Auch wenn die Anzahl der Arbeiterinnen konstant gehalten wurde, stiegen die Eiablageraten von Königinnen mit deren Alter bis zum Tode an, anders als bei den meisten Tieren, bei denen die Fertilität im Alter nachlässt (Vergleich mit dem Menschen: Menopause).
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035201
Heinze J, Schrempf A (2012) Terminal Investment: Individual Reproduction of Ant Queens Increases with Age. PLoS ONE 7(4): e35201. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035201
Abstract The pattern of age-specific fecundity is a key component of the life history of organisms and shapes their ecology and evolution. In numerous animals, including humans, reproductive performance decreases with age. Here, we demonstrate that some social insect queens exhibit the opposite pattern. Egg laying rates of Cardiocondyla obscurior ant queens increased with age until death, even when the number of workers caring for them was kept constant. Cardiocondyla, and probably also other ants, therefore resemble the few select organisms with similar age-specific reproductive investment, such as corals, sturgeons, or box turtles (e.g., [1]), but they differ in being more short-lived and lacking individual, though not social, indeterminate growth. Furthermore, in contrast to most other organisms, in which average life span declines with increasing reproductive effort, queens with high egg laying rates survived as long as less fecund queens. A. Buschinger 17:30, 16. Apr. 2012 (CEST)
Fadenwürmer "machen" neue sozialparasitische Ameisenarten ;-) (20. März 2012)
Sándor Csösz 2012: Nematode infection as significant source of unjustified taxonomic descriptions in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 17, 27-31. http://www.myrmecologicalnews.org/cms/images/pdf/online_earlier/mn17_27-31_non-printable.pdf
Die interessante neue Arbeit zeigt, dass Infektionen mit Nematoden (Fadenwürmern) die infizierten Ameisen so verändern können, dass anhand derart parasitierter Individuen bereits (sozialparasitische) Ameisenarten beschrieben wurden. Bemerkenswert ist die Technik der Mikro-Röntgentomografie, die eine Darstellung der Nematoden im unbeschädigten Wirtstier ermöglicht, siehe Bilder in der Arbeit! A. Buschinger 10:23, 20. Mär. 2012 (CET)
Advances in Neotropical Myrmecology, 2012 (1. März 2012)
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/si/840560/ Eine Sonderausgabe der Zeitschrift „Psyche“ mit zahlreichen Beiträgen über neotropische Ameisen sowie einigen Artbeschreibungen ist erschienen. Als Stichworte für die Suchfunktion: Tatuidris, Pachycondyla, Wasmannia, Ectatomma, Dorymyrmex, Sphinctomyrmex, Nestbau Blattschneiderameisen, Solenopsis Fire Ants, Lenomyrmex, Oxyepoecus.